Wife Edith
Finch
Queer Places:
University of Cambridge, 4 Mill Ln, Cambridge CB2 1RZ
Bertrand
Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM FRS[66] (18
May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British polymath, philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social
critic, political
activist, and Nobel
laureate.[67][68]
He was part of the Cambridge Apostles. Throughout
his life, Russell considered himself a liberal,
a socialist and a pacifist,
although he also sometimes suggested that his sceptical nature
had led him to feel that he had “never been any of these things, in any
profound sense”.[69] Russell
was born in Monmouthshire into
one of the most prominent aristocratic families
in the United Kingdom.[70]
Bertrand Russell married Alys Pearsall Smith, sister of
Logan Pearsall Smith and
Mary Berenson. In 1952 he
married Edith Finch.
In the early 20th century, Russell led the British "revolt against idealism".[71] He
is considered one of the founders of analytic
philosophy along with his predecessor Gottlob
Frege, colleague G. E.
Moore and protégé Ludwig
Wittgenstein. He is widely held to be one of the 20th century's
premier logicians.[68] With A.
N. Whitehead he wrote Principia
Mathematica, an attempt to create a logical basis for mathematics, the
quintessential work of classical
logic. His philosophical essay "On
Denoting" has been considered a "paradigm of
philosophy".[72] His
work has had a considerable influence on mathematics, logic, set
theory, linguistics, artificial
intelligence, cognitive
science, computer
science and philosophy, especially the philosophy
of language, epistemology and metaphysics.
Russell was a prominent anti-war
activist, championed anti-imperialism,
and chaired the India
League.[73][74][75] Occasionally,
he advocated preventive
nuclear war, before the opportunity provided by the atomic monopoly
had passed and he decided he would "welcome with enthusiasm" world
government.[76] He
went to prison for his pacifism during World
War I.[77] Later,
Russell concluded that the war against Adolf
Hitler's Nazi
Germany was a necessary "lesser of two evils" and also criticised Stalinist totalitarianism,
condemned the involvement of the United States in the Vietnam
War and was an outspoken proponent of nuclear
disarmament.[78] In
1950, Russell was awarded the Nobel
Prize in Literature "in recognition of his varied and significant
writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom
of thought".[79][80]
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