Queer Places:
Mei Lanfang Memorial Museum, 9 Huguosi St, Shi Cha Hai, Xicheng Qu, Beijing Shi, China, 100009
Mei
Lan (22 October 1894 – 8 August 1961), better known by his
stage
name Mei Lanfang, was a notable
Peking opera artist in
modern Chinese theater. Mei was known as "Queen of Peking Opera".[1]
Mei was exclusively known for his
female lead roles (dan) and particularly his "verdant-robed
girls" (qingyi), young or middle-aged women of grace and
refinement. He was considered one of the "Four Great Dan", along with
Shang Xiaoyun,
Cheng Yanqiu, and
Xun Huisheng.
Mei Lanfang was born in Beijing in 1894 into a family of Peking opera and Kunqu performers (performers of a traditional Chinese theatre composed of drama, ballet, opera, poetry, and music) of Taizhou, Jiangsu ancestry.
At age 8, Mei Lanfang started training in Chinese opera skills such as acting, singing and acrobatics.[1] Mei Lanfang made his stage debut at the Guanghe Theatre in 1904 when he was 11 years old.[2] In his 50-year stage career, he maintained strong continuity while always working on new techniques. His most famous roles were those of female characters; skillful portrayal of women won him international acclaim, and his smooth, perfectly timed, poised style has come to be known in opera circles as the "Mei School." He also played an important part in continuing the performance tradition of Kunqu, noted particularly for his interpretations of Du Liniang (in The Peony Pavilion) and Bái Sùzhēn (in Legend of the White Snake) . Mei's famous portrayal of Beauty Yu was so historically moving that Wenting Song say he is one of the greatest vocal artists in modern China.[3]
Mei was the first artist to spread Beijing Opera to foreign countries, participating in cultural exchanges with Japan, the United States, and other regions. He toured the world, forming friendships with the western contemporaries of his day, including Charlie Chaplin. In 1930 he toured North America, visiting Hollywood, where he was welcomed by Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford.[4] In 1935, Mei toured Europe, playing to appreciative audiences in Berlin and Moscow. Seeing Mei perform especially impressed the German playwright Bertold Brecht and influenced his concept of the alienation effect.[5] He served as one of the mentors and guardians of the actress Li Yuru as she began her career.[6]
In July 1937, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident occurred, and the Imperial Japanese Army soon occupied Beijing. The commander of the Japanese Army ordered Mei to perform for them and appointed Mei to a high rank official position. But Mei refused to sing throughout the duration of the war and endured an impoverished lifestyle until the war ended in 1945.
After 1949 he served as director of China Beijing Opera Theater, director of the Chinese Opera Research Institute, and vice-chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. Besides his autobiography, Forty Years of Life on the Stage, several of his articles and essays have been published in The Collected Works of Mei Lanfang. Recordings of his best-known performances have been published in A Selection of Beijing Operas Performed by Mei Lanfang. In 2000, the story of his life was filmed in a documentary entitled The Worlds of Mei Lanfang. Acclaimed director Chen Kaige directed Forever Enthralled, a film biography of Mei's life, released in December 2008.
In 1924, Mei went to Japan after learning about the Great Kantō earthquake that had caused destruction. During his stay, he not only performed, but he also donated to help the cause.
In the year 1910, Mei married Wang Minghua, and they eventually had one son and one daughter together. While still married to Wang, he married his second wife in 1921, who was also an opera actress. Her name was Fu Zhifang and together, they had nine children. In 1925, he began seeing a third woman, who was also an actress. They lived together unmarried for five years before they broke up. Mei's daughter Mei Baoyue was a Chinese opera performer.[1] Mei's son Mei Baojiu (1934-2016) was a Chinese opera dan performer.[1]
After Mei Lanfang passed away in 1961, a memorial museum was founded for him on a proposal by Premier Zhou Enlai. The front yard of his former residence was converted into an exhibition area, display of pictures and artrifacts. The three north rooms in the back garden were kept intact, just as Mei lived there. The hardwood furniture, the pier-glass mirror he used for practicing, the dove whistle, and the other small items Mei Lanfang used throughout his lifetime, are all kept in the waiting room. A painting entitled The Thirteen Best Performers during the Reigns of Tongzhi and Guangxu, by Shen Rongpu, a Qing-dynatsy artist, is hung on the west wall of the room. The inner chamber, connecting to the waiting room, served as the living room. Mei Lanfang’s study in the west wing has been converted into an exhibition room of his achievements, and his bedroom in the east wing is now a small video theatre showcasing Mei’s superb performances.
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