Partner Ellis Ansel Perlswig
Queer Places:
Auburn University, 105 Samford Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, Stati Uniti
Bangladesh Agricultural University, BAU Main Road, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
Burroughs Wellcome Headquarters, 21 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, Durham, NC 27703
City Center Towers, 301 Commerce St, Fort Worth, TX 76102
Dana Arts Center, Lally Ln, Hamilton, NY 13346
Endo Pharmaceuticals Building, 1000 Stewart Ave, Garden City, NY 11530
First Church, Boston, MA 02129
Government Service Center, Boston, MA 02114
Harvard University (Ivy League), 2 Kirkland St, Cambridge, MA 02138
Intiland Tower, Jl. Jend. Sudirman No.Kav 32, Karet Tengsin, Tanahabang, Kota Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10250, Indonesia
Katherine Cornell and Guthrie McClintic House, 23 Beekman Pl, New York, NY 10022, Stati Uniti
Lippo Centre, 89 Queensway, Admiralty, Hong Kong
Milam Residence, 1033 Ponte Vedra Blvd, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL 32082, USA
Orange County Government Center, Goshen, NY 10924, Stati Uniti
Revere Quality Institute House, 100 Ogden St, Sarasota, FL 34242, Stati Uniti
Riverview High School, 1 Ram Way, Sarasota, FL 34231, Stati Uniti
Rudolph Hall, 180 York St, New Haven, CT 06511, Stati Uniti
Rudolph
Residence, 31 High St, New Haven, CT 06510
Sanderling Beach Club, 105 Beach Rd, Siesta Key, FL 34242, Stati Uniti
Sarasota High School, 2155 Bahia Vista St, Sarasota, FL 34239
Shoreline Apartments, 200 Niagara St, Buffalo, NY 14201
Temple Street Parking Garage, 1 Temple St, New Haven, CT 06510
The Concourse, 300 Beach Road, #23-00 The Concourse, Singapore 199555
Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Rd, North Dartmouth, MA 02747
W. R. Healy House aka The Cocoon House, 3575 Bayou Louise Ln, Sarasota, FL 34242
Wellesley College,
Wellesley College (Seven Sisters), 106 Central St, Wellesley, MA 02481
Yale University (Ivy League), 38 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520
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Paul Marvin Rudolph (October 23, 1918 – August 8, 1997) was an American
architect and the chair of Yale University's Department of Architecture for
six years, known for his use of concrete and highly complex floor plans. His
most famous work is the Yale Art and Architecture Building (A&A Building), a
spatially complex brutalist concrete structure.
Thought it was not well known, he maintained a romantic relationship with Ellis Ansel Perlswig, a young professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine, from 1963 until 1967. They occupied separate residences in New Haven, advisable since exposure as a homosexual often ruined lives and careers. Rudolph also liked secrets and mystery. In architecture and in life, he enjoyed staging situations that would stimulate reactions from others, with a trip into the unknown being one of his favorites. Without explaining where they were going, Rudolph took Robert M. Stern, then a student, out for a stroll; the destination turned out to be a dinner at the New Haven home of Serge Chermayeff, a faculty member in the architecture department at Yale whom Stern did not care for, as Rudolph well knew. Chermayeff was a former GSD faculty member and long-time friend of Rudolph's whom he hired to teach at Yale.
The first residence Paul Rudolph owned was at 31 High Street, New Haven, just a few hundred feet from the architecture department's studio spaces and the site of its future home, the Yale A&A Building.
Paul Marvin Rudolph was born October 23, 1918 in Elkton, Kentucky. His father was an itinerant Methodist preacher, and through their travels Rudolph was exposed to the architecture of the American south. He also showed early talent at painting and music.[1] Rudolph earned his bachelor's degree in architecture at Auburn University (then known as Alabama Polytechnic Institute) in 1940 and then moved on to the Harvard Graduate School of Design to study with Bauhaus founder Walter Gropius. After three years, he left to serve in the Navy for another three years, returning to Harvard to receive his master's in 1947.[1] Rudolph was gay.[2][3] He is one of the modernist architecture architects considered one of the pioneers of the Sarasota School of Architecture.
Following his studies at Harvard, Rudolph moved to Sarasota, Florida, and partnered with Ralph Twitchell for four years until he started his own practice in 1952. Rudolph's Sarasota time is now part of the period labeled Sarasota School of Architecture in his career.
Notable for its appearance in the 1958 book Masters of Modern Architecture, the W. R. Healy House – nicknamed The Cocoon House – was a one-story guest house built in 1950 on Siesta Key, Sarasota, Florida. The roof was concave and was constructed using a built-up spray-on process that Rudolph had seen used to cocoon disused ships during his time in the US Navy (hence, the house's nickname). In addition, Rudolph used jalousie windows, which enabled the characteristic breezes to and from the Sarasota Bay to flow through the house.
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Yale University, New Haven, CT
Other Sarasota landmarks by Rudolph include the Riverview High School, built in 1957 as his first large-scale project. In 2006, there was a great deal of controversy in Sarasota when many members of the community appealed for the retention of the historic building after the decision reached by the county school board to demolish the structure. As Charles Gwathmey, the architect overseeing renovation of Art and Architecture Building at Yale, said:
Riverview High School is a fantastic prototype of what today we call green architecture. He was so far ahead of his time, experimenting with sun screens and cross-ventilation. If it's torn down, I feel badly for architecture.[4]
In June 2009, Riverview High School was demolished.[5]
Another school building in Sarasota designed by Rudolph was the 1958 addition to Sarasota High School, a concrete structure that utilized large overhanging sunshades and "internal" yet outside corridors with natural ventilation. This building, along with a gymnasium structure built at the same time, is (as of December 2013) undergoing renovation by the Sarasota County School Board, which will reinstate the building's 1958 exterior appearance but contain a completely new interior layout devoid of Rudolph's original ideas.[6]
In the late 1950s, Paul Rudolph's Florida houses began to attract attention outside of the architectural community and he started receiving commissions for larger works such as the Jewett Art Center at Wellesley College. He then took the chairmanship of the Yale School of Architecture Department of Architecture in 1958, shortly after designing the Yale Art & Architecture Building. Rudolph stayed at Yale for six years until he returned to private practice. He designed the Temple Street Parking Garage, also in New Haven, in 1962.
While chair of the Department of Architecture at Yale, Rudolph taught Muzharul Islam, Norman Foster and Richard Rogers, all attending the Master's course as scholarship students. Foster in particular has noted the significant influence that Rudolph had upon him.[7] Rudolph was invited to Bangladesh by Muzharul Islam and designed Bangladesh Agricultural University.
Milam Residence
He worked on the Milam Residence, which was designed and constructed between 1959 and 1961. It still stands today on Florida's eastern coast, outside Jacksonville. Here, the only dimensional control was the size of standard concrete blocks that were used (8 x 8 x 16 in), fair-faced, for structural and partition walls alike. The large blocks provide shade for the windows, allowing the Florida home to be easily cooled. This house's seaside facade of stacked rectangles exemplifies the sculptural nature of Rudolph's work during this period. From inside the structure, Rudolf wanted the inhabitants to locate themselves according to mood, so the large two-story window in the living room contrasts other areas of the home which feel more cave-like and secluded. Rudolph's fascination with European Modernism and the neo-Classical theory made this a difficult building to construct. Rudolph had to show concern for multiple influences as well as his own style. At the time, Rudolph was working independently and would later become an icon in European Modernism.
In 1958, Rudolph was commissioned to create a master plan for Tuskegee Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama. He also collaborated with graduates of Tuskegee's architecture school on the design of a new chapel building, completed in 1969.
He later designed the Government Service Center in Boston, First Church in Boston, the main campus of University of Massachusetts Dartmouth (originally known as Southeastern Massachusetts Technological Institute, and later as the Southeastern Massachusetts University), the Jewett Arts Center at Wellesley College, the Endo Pharmaceuticals Building, the Dana Arts Center at Colgate University, and the Burroughs Wellcome headquarters in North Carolina. His Shoreline apartments in Buffalo, completed in 1974, were pioneering low income housing, designed as part of a larger masterplan for the city's waterfront that was never completed. [8]
While the Brutalist style fell out of favor in the U.S. during the 1970s,[9] Rudolph's work evolved, and became in demand in other countries. Rudolph designed reflective glass office towers in this period, such as the City Center Towers in Fort Worth, Texas, which departed from his concrete works. Rudolph continued working on projects in Singapore, where he designed The Concourse office tower with its ribbon windows and interweaving floors, as well as projects in other Asian countries through the last years of his life. His work, the Lippo Centre, completed in 1987, is located in the area near Admiralty Station of MTR in Hong Kong, and a culmination of Rudolph's ideas in reflective glass. In Indonesia Rudolph pieces of art can be found in Jakarta, Wisma Dharmala Sakti, and in Surabaya, Wisma Dharmala Sakti 2.
Paul Rudolph donated his archive,[10] spanning his entire career, to the Library of Congress, as well donating as all intellectual property rights to the American people. His bequest also helped to establish the Center for Architecture, Design, and Engineering[11] at the Library of Congress.
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23 Beekman Place
The Paul Rudolph Penthouse & Apartments (1977–82), at 23 Beekman Place in Manhattan, was designated a New York City Landmark in 2010.[12]
Rudolph died in 1997 at the age of seventy-eight in New York from peritoneal mesothelioma.
My published books:
