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Paula
Gertrud Heimann (née Klatzko; 2 February 1899 – 22 October 1982) was a
German
psychiatrist and
psychoanalyst, who established the phenomenon of
countertransference as an important tool of
psychoanalytic treatment.[1]
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Paula
Gertrud Heimann (née Klatzko; 2 February 1899 – 22 October 1982) was a
German
psychiatrist and
psychoanalyst, who established the phenomenon of
countertransference as an important tool of
psychoanalytic treatment.[1]
Born into a Jewish family which migrated from Russia,[2] after studying medicine in Königsberg, Berlin, and Frankfurt, Paula Klatzko took and passed her Staatsexamen (state exams) in Breslau. There she met her future husband, the physician Franz Heimann. Together they went to Heidelberg where she trained to be a psychiatrist from 1924–1927. She wrote her doctoral dissertation in 1925. Their daughter Mirza was born that same year. In 1927, the Heimann family moved to Berlin, where she began her psychoanalytic training under Theodor Reik in 1929. Together with her husband she was a member of the International Society of Doctors Against War.
In 1933, Heimann's husband had to leave Germany because of his political views. He emigrated to Switzerland; however, Paula Heimann and her daughter were not permitted to do so. Thus mother and daughter emigrated to London.
In 1934 Heimann became Melanie Klein's secretary. In 1935 they started working together on analysis and became close associates. Bryher loaned Heimann money to get a British medical degree in Edinburgh. Heimann passed the state medical examination in Edinburgh in 1938. That year she became a member of the British Psychoanalytical Society with her lecture A contribution to the problem of sublimation. Her article On counter-transference, presented at the Psychoanalytical Congress in 1949 in Zurich, led to a rift with the Kleinian group of analysts because she presented a different view of the importance of countertransference. Melanie Klein saw it only as a problem of the therapeutic process. Paula Heimann, however, saw the emotional reaction of the therapist to their patient as an important tool for the exploration of the latter's unconscious. She then turned to the Independents group[3] and was Margarete Mitscherlich's analyst during 1958–59. Alexander Mitscherlich also underwent training analysis with her.
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