Robert John Graham Boothby, Baron Boothby,[1] KBE (12 February 1900 – 16 July 1986), often known as Bob Boothby, was a British Conservative politician.
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Robert John Graham Boothby, Baron Boothby,[1] KBE (12 February 1900 – 16 July 1986), often known as Bob Boothby, was a British Conservative politician.
The only son of Sir Robert Tuite Boothby, KBE, of Edinburgh and a cousin of Rosalind Grant, mother of the broadcaster Sir Ludovic Kennedy, Boothby was educated at St Aubyns School, Eton College, and Magdalen College, Oxford. Before going up to Oxford, near the end of the First World War, he trained as an officer and was commissioned into the Brigade of Guards, but was too young to see active service.[2] After Oxford he became a partner in a firm of stockbrokers.
He was an unsuccessful parliamentary candidate for Orkney and Shetland in 1923 and was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Aberdeen and Kincardine East in 1924. He held the seat until its abolition in 1950, when he was elected for its successor constituency of East Aberdeenshire. Re-elected a final time in 1955, he gave up the seat in 1958 when he was raised to the peerage, triggering a by-election.
He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Chancellor of the Exchequer Winston Churchill from 1926 to 1929. He helped launch the Popular Front in December 1936.[3] He held junior ministerial office as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food in 1940–41. He was later forced to resign his post and go to the back benches for not declaring an interest when asking a parliamentary question. During the Second World War he joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and served as a junior staff officer with Bomber Command, and later as a liaison officer with the Free French Forces, retiring with the rank of Flight Lieutenant. In 1950 he received the Legion of Honour for his latter services.[4]
In 1954 (echoing words he had said in 1934) he complained that for thirty years he had been advocating 'a constructive policy on broad lines' but that this had not been taken up: 'The doctrine of infallibility has always applied to the Treasury and the Bank of England'. Boothby opposed free trade in food stuffs, and claimed that such a policy would invalidate the Agriculture Act 1947 and ruin British farmers. This economic liberalism of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Rab Butler, led to Boothby complaining that 'The Tory Party have in fact become the Liberal Party' and cited what the leader of the Liberal Party (Clement Davies) had said to him about Butler: 'Sir Robert Peel has come again.'[5] In response Davies claimed that Boothby 'has been sitting on the wrong side of the House for many years. Undoubtedly he said tonight that he is the planner of planners. I do not believe in that kind of planning. The hon. Member seems to know better than the ordinary person what is good for the ordinary person, what he ought to buy, where he ought to buy it, where he ought to manufacture and everything else of that kind. There is the true Socialist'.
Boothby was a British delegate to the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe from 1949 until 1957 and advocated the United Kingdom's entry into the European Economic Community, which later evolved into the European Union. He was a prominent commentator on public affairs on radio and television, often taking part in the long-running BBC radio programme ''Any Questions''. He also advocated the virtues of herring as a food.[6]
He was Vice-Chairman of the Committee on Economic Affairs, 1952–56; Honorary President of the Scottish Chamber of Agriculture, 1934, Rector of the University of St Andrews, 1958–61; Chairman of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, 1961–63, and President, Anglo-Israel Association, 1962–75. He was awarded an Honorary LLD by St Andrews, 1959 and was made an Honorary Burgess of the Burghs of Peterhead, Fraserburgh, Turriff and Rosehearty. He was appointed an Officer of the Legion of Honour in 1950, a KBE in 1953.[7]
Boothby was raised to the peerage as a life peer with the title Baron Boothby, of Buchan and Rattray Head in the County of Aberdeen, on 22 August 1958.[8]
There is a blue plaque on his house in Eaton Square, London.
He was the subject of ''This Is Your Life'' in October 1963 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at BBC Television Centre.
During the 1950s Boothby was a prominent advocate of decriminalizing homosexual acts between men. In his memoirs, he wrote that he was determined to 'do something practical to remove the fear and misery in which many of our most gifted citizens were then compelled to live'.[9]
In December 1953 he sent a memorandum to David Maxwell Fyfe, then the Home Secretary, calling for the establishment of a departmental enquiry into homosexuality. He argued that: By attaching so fearful a stigma to homosexuality as such, you put a very large number of otherwise law-abiding and useful citizens on the other side of the fence which divides the good citizen from the bad. By making them feel that, instead of unfortunates they are social pariahs, you drive them into squalor – perhaps into crime; and produce that very "underground" which it is so clearly in the public interest to eradicate.[10] Boothby premised his argument for law reform on the idea that it was the role of the state 'not to punish psychological disorders – rather to try and cure them'. He argued in the House of Commons that the law as it was did not 'achieve the objective of all of us, which is to limit the incidence of homosexuality and to mitigate its evil effects'.[11]
After the Departmental Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution recommended decriminalization in the Wolfenden Report of 1957, Boothby claimed that, through his correspondence with Fyfe, he had been 'primarily responsible' for the committee's establishment.[12]
Boothby had a colourful, if reasonably discreet, private life, mainly because the press refused to print what they knew of him, or were prevented from doing so. Woodrow Wyatt – whose reliability has been questioned[13] [14] [15] – claimed after the death of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother that she had confided to him in an interview in 1991 that 'The press knew all about it', referring to Boothby's affairs, and that she had described Boothby as 'a bounder but not a cad'.[16]
He was married twice: in 1935 to Diana Cavendish (marriage dissolved in 1937) and in 1967 to Wanda Sanna, a Sardinian woman 33 years his junior. His second cousin, writer and broadcaster Sir Ludovic Kennedy, asserted that Boothby fathered at least three children by the wives of other men[17] ('two by one woman, one by another').
From 1930 he had a long affair with Lady Dorothy Macmillan, wife of the Conservative politician Harold Macmillan (who would serve as prime minister from 1957 until 1963). He was rumoured to be father of the youngest Macmillan daughter, Sarah, although Harold Macmillan's most recent biographer D. R. Thorpe discounts Boothby's paternity.[18] [19] This connection to Macmillan, via his wife, has been seen as one of the reasons why the police did not investigate the death of Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire, who died in the presence of suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams. The duke was Lady Dorothy's brother, and it is thought the police were wary of drawing press attention to her while she was being unfaithful.
Partly because of his support for homosexual law reform, Boothby was subject to public rumours about his sexuality, although he insisted publicly in 1954 that he was 'not a homosexual'.[20] He did, however, comment that 'sub-conscious bi-sexuality is a component part of all of us [and] the majority of males pass through a homosexual period'.[21]
While an undergraduate at Magdalen College, Oxford, Boothby earned the nickname 'the Palladium', because 'he was twice nightly'.[22] He later spoke about the role of a speculated homosexual relationship in the drowning of his friend Michael Llewelyn Davies (one of the models for Peter Pan) and fellow Oxonian Rupert Buxton.[23] In a ''Channel 4'' documentary broadcast in 1997, it was claimed that he did not start to have physical relationships with women until the age of 25.
In 1963 Boothby began having an affair with East End cat burglar Leslie Holt, a younger man he met at a gambling club. Holt introduced him to the gangster Ronnie Kray, the younger Kray twin, who (allegedly) supplied Boothby with young men and arranged orgies in Cedra Court, receiving personal favours from Boothby in return. When Boothby's underworld associations came to the attention of the ''Sunday Express'', the Conservative-supporting paper opted not to publish the damaging story.[24] [25] The matter was eventually reported in 1964 in the Labour-supporting ''Sunday Mirror'' tabloid, and the parties subsequently named by the German magazine ''Stern''.[26]
Boothby denied the story and threatened to sue the ''Mirror''. Because Boothby's close friend Tom Driberg – a senior Labour MP, and also homosexual – also associated with the Krays, neither of the major political parties had an interest in publicity, and the paper's owner Cecil King came under pressure from the Labour leadership to drop the matter. The ''Mirror'' backed down, sacked its editor, apologised, and paid Boothby £40,000 in an out-of-court settlement. Consequently, other newspapers became less willing to cover the Krays' criminal activities, which continued unchecked for three more years. The police investigation received no support from Scotland Yard, while Boothby embarrassed his fellow peers by campaigning on behalf of the Krays in the Lords, until their increasing violence made association impossible. It has been claimed that journalists who investigated Boothby were subjected to legal threats and break-ins, and that much of this suppression was directed by Arnold Goodman.[27]
In his book on Winston Churchill, Boris Johnson characterises the effect on reputations of prominent British MPs and aristocrats for favourable comments after meeting Hitler in Germany in the earlier 1930s. He singles out Boothby for avoiding such an effect by his response there to the 'Heil Hitler!' salute, which was 'Heil Boothby!'[28] In fact, Robert Boothby recounted his meeting with Hitler during a radio interview (on the BBC). Boothby explained that he had a German friend, who was working in the Reichs Kancelerei, and asked if he could arrange an interview with Hitler. This, indeed, was arranged but, being somewhat nervous at the prospect, Boothby and his friend had a lunch together, which was followed by several glasses of congnac. Thus fortified, Boothby was ushered into the presence of the Fuehrer, where Hitler was seated at the far end of a large hall, which was entered through a series of double doors. Boothby was introduced and Hitler gave the "Heil Hitler" salute. Boothby had not been briefed in advance of this, and not knowing what to say, replied "Heil Boothby", thinking that this would be a polite response.
After his death from a heart attack in Westminster Hospital, London, aged 86, Boothby's ashes were scattered at Rattray Head near Crimond, Aberdeenshire, off the coast of his former constituency.[29]
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