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Town Higher Secondary School, Karna Kollai Agraharam, Anna Nagar, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu 612001, India
Government Arts College, Karuppur Road, KondangudiIllam, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu 612002, India
Pachaiyappa's College, E.V.R.Periyar High Road, Shenoy Nagar, Chetpet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600030, India
University of Madras, Navalar Nagar, Chepauk, Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600005, India
University Of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2, Regno Unito
Trinity College, Cambridge CB2 1TQ, Regno Unito
Srinivasa Ramanujan FRS (22 December 1887 – 26 April 1920) was an Indian
mathematician who lived during the British Rule in India. Though he had almost
no formal training in pure mathematics, he made substantial contributions to
mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, and continued
fractions, including solutions to mathematical problems considered to be
unsolvable. Ramanujan initially developed his own mathematical research in
isolation; it was quickly recognized by Indian mathematicians. Seeking
mathematicians who could better understand his work, in 1913 he began a postal
partnership with the English mathematician
G. H. Hardy at the
University of Cambridge, England. Recognizing the extraordinary work sent to
him as samples, Hardy arranged travel for Ramanujan to Cambridge. In his
notes, Ramanujan had produced groundbreaking new theorems, including some that
Hardy stated had "defeated [him and his colleagues] completely", in addition
to rediscovering recently proven but highly advanced results.
During his short life, Ramanujan independently compiled nearly 3,900
results (mostly identities and equations).[2]
Many were completely novel; his original and highly unconventional results,
such as the Ramanujan prime, the Ramanujan theta function, partition formulae,
and mock theta functions, have opened entire new areas of work and inspired a
vast amount of further research.[3]
Nearly all his claims have now been proven correct.[4]
The Ramanujan Journal, a peer-reviewed scientific journal, was
established to publish work in all areas of mathematics influenced by
Ramanujan,[5]
and his notebooks – containing summaries of his published and unpublished
results – have been analyzed and studied for decades since his death as a
source of new mathematical ideas. As late as 2011 and again in 2012,
researchers continued to discover that mere comments in his writings about
"simple properties" and "similar outputs" for certain findings were themselves
profound and subtle number theory results that remained unsuspected until
nearly a century after his death and which relied on work published in 2006.[6][7]
He became one of the youngest Fellows of the Royal Society and only the second
Indian member, and the first Indian to be elected a Fellow of Trinity College,
Cambridge. Of his original letters, Hardy stated that a single look was enough
to show they could only have been written by a mathematician of the highest
calibre, comparing Ramanujan to other mathematical geniuses such as Euler and
Jacobi.
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Trinity College, Cambridge
In 1919, ill health – now believed to have been hepatic amoebiasis (a
complication from episodes of dysentery many years previously) – compelled
Ramanujan's return to India, where he died in 1920 at the age of 32. His last
letters to Hardy, written January 1920, show that he was still continuing to
produce new mathematical ideas and theorems. His "lost notebook", containing
discoveries from the last year of his life, caused great excitement among
mathematicians when it was rediscovered in 1976.
A deeply religious Hindu,[8]
Ramanujan credited his substantial mathematical capacities to divinity, and
stated that the mathematical knowledge he displayed was revealed to him by his
family goddess. "An equation for me has no meaning," he once said, "unless it
expresses a thought of God."[9]
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