Thomas Cannon (1720–?)[1] of Gray's Inn was an English author of the 18th century. He wrote what may be the earliest published defence of homosexuality in English, Ancient and Modern Pederasty Investigated and Exemplify'd (1749). Hot on the heels of Fanny Hill (in a manner of speaking) was the pamphlet Ancient and Modern Pederasty Investigated and Exemplify’d, written by one Thomas Cannon. Cannon and Cleland were known to each other (in fact Cleland owed Cannon £800) and Cleland denounced Cannon as a ‘molly’ in an offensive note left at the latter’s place of work; Cannon claimed to be a scholar of the history of male–male relationships going right back to ancient times, and from the excerpts that have survived it would seem that the author’s aim was to place these relationships at the heart of history, in a sense, normalising them. Unfortunately, as a prosecution was imminent, Cannon and his publisher had to flee the country, but this drastic action was not typical of writers of such tracts at the time, and they were by no means illicit texts.
A son of Robert Cannon, Dean of Lincoln, Cannon had a serious falling out with John Cleland which indirectly led to his prosecution.[4] In 1748, Cleland was sent to prison for failing to pay debts to Cannon and another man. It was while in prison that Cleland published Fanny Hill. Just before the second volume appeared, Cannon lodged a legal complaint against Cleland, claiming that he was now sending anonymous letters containing abusive and slanderous accusations. Cleland accused Cannon of attempted murder, and of being homosexual.[4]
A few weeks after Cleland's accusations, Cannon arranged the printing of Ancient & Modern Pederasty.[5] Despite its illegal subject matter, the pamphlet might never have come to the attention of the authorities had it not been for the embittered Cleland who, after being released from prison for debt, was re-arrested in 1749 for obscenity due to Fanny Hill. Cleland vindictively wrote to the Duke of Newcastle's law clerk drawing his attention to Cannon's pamphlet.[6] This prompted a letter from Newcastle to the Attorney General, requesting the prosecution of Cannon. Cannon and his printer were arrested but released on bail of £400 each. Cannon fled abroad for three years. The printer was sent to trial, found guilty, and fined, imprisoned for a month, and also subjected to the public torture of the pillory.[4] Cannon's mother successfully petitioned the Duke of Newcastle for the charges against her son to be dropped, claiming he was repentant, and indeed, wished to return to England not only because of financial necessity, but in order to publish a retraction or recantation of the original pamphlet. No such text has ever come to light. After returning to England, Cannon lived quietly at Windsor with his mother and sisters, and never returned to public life again. No copies of Cannon's pamphlet appear to have survived. The text was presumed lost to history until 2003 when what is presumed to be the majority of the work was discovered as quoted extracts in the original indictment against the printer, which survived in the records of the King's Bench. The text was finally published in Eighteenth-Century Life magazine in 2007. What remains of Ancient and Modern Pederasty Investigated and Exemplify'd shows that rather than being a dry treatise, it is a somewhat gossipy and jokey anthology of homosexual advocacy, written with an obvious enthusiasm for its subject.[7] It contains the words: "Unnatural Desire is a Contradiction in Terms; downright Nonsense. Desire is an amatory Impulse of the inmost human Parts: Are not they, however constructed, and consequently impelling, Nature?"
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