Queer Places:
Harrow School, 5 High St, Harrow HA1 3HP, Regno Unito
University Of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2, Regno Unito
Villa Harris, Tangeri, Marocco
St Andrew, Tangeri, Marocco
Walter Burton Harris (29 August 1866 – 4 April 1933[1])
was a journalist, writer, traveller and socialite who achieved fame for his
writings on Morocco, where he worked for many years as special correspondent
for The Times.[2]
He settled in the country at the age of 19, eventually building himself a fine
villa in Tangier where he lived for much of his life. His linguistic skills
and physical appearance enabled him to pose successfully as a native Moroccan,
travelling to parts of the country regarded as off-limits to foreigners. He
wrote a number of well-regarded books and articles on his travels in Morocco
and other countries in the Near and Far East. Harris also played a
significant, though not always constructive, role in the European diplomatic
intrigues that affected Morocco around the turn of the 20th century.
Harris was born in London as the second son of a prosperous shipping and
insurance broker,[3]
Frederick W. Harris. His siblings included Sir Austin Edward Harris, who
became a noted banker, and Frederick Leverton Harris, a British Member of
Parliament. He was educated at Harrow School and (briefly) at Cambridge
University and had already managed to travel around the world by the age of
18.[1][4]
In 1887 he accompanied a British diplomatic mission to Morocco and settled
in Tangier at the age of 19. He was briefly married to Lady Mary Savile, the
daughter of the 4th Earl of Mexborough from 1898 to 1906,[3]
but the marriage was annulled on the grounds of non-consummation.[5]
He was independently wealthy, living off a personal allowance and a
stipend from The Times, and was an ambitious social climber who
associated with royalty and high-ranking politicians.[6]
Harris was a fluent speaker of French, Spanish and Moroccan Arabic, and his
physical features were such that he could pass for a native Moroccan. This
enabled him to travel undetected into the interior of Morocco, which was at
the time off-limits to outsiders, and thus see and describe places that no
European had been to. During his travels he disguised himself as an inhabitant
of the Rif, looking (as The Times put it) like "the complete
fanatical-looking type, with shaven head but for a foot-long lock hanging from
the crown, red guncase for turban, short brown jelab, bare reddish-tanned neck
and legs, carrying a long native musket, and glancing furtively as he went,
just as such men from home do."[1]
He soon won the respect of the Moroccans for his exploits and made some
unlikely friends, such as the mountain chieftain Raisuni who repeatedly fought
the Moroccan government (and later the Spanish) during the first 25 years of
the 20th century. Harris was captured and briefly imprisoned by Raisuni,
regaining his freedom via a prisoner exchange, but came to establish a
friendship with the chieftain and later wrote admiringly about him. He was
also a confidant of at least three Moroccan sultans and built himself a fine
villa near Tangier, which he called Villa Harris.[3]
Harris began writing for The Times in 1887 and became a permanent
correspondent from 1906, at a time when Morocco was becoming a focus for
conflict between the European powers. He had a first-hand view of the dynastic
conflicts and political weaknesses that culminated in Morocco becoming a
protectorate of France and Spain in 1912 and chronicled the events of that
period in a series of articles for The Times, as well as writing a
number of books on his travels in Morocco. He also travelled further afield,
visiting Egypt, the Near East and the Far East.[1]
He served as a special correspondent in the Yemen in 1892 and in Athens in
1915, where he caused a dispute between King Constantine I of Greece and
Eleftherios Venizelos after writing articles critical of the latter for The
Times. He claimed to have worked for Admiralty intelligence during the
latter part of the First World War.[6]
He played an active part in the international disputes in Morocco, using
his access to high-ranking Moroccan figures to influence the course of events.
Britain had long been Morocco's dominant trading partner and Harris initially
opposed France's ambitions to play a bigger role in the country. He believed
that Morocco's independence should be preserved and that the country should be
helped to modernise itself and overcome the endemic disorder that plagued it.
He therefore helped initially to support the Germans, who likewise opposed
French involvement in Morocco, until he was instructed in 1905 by The
Times' foreign editor Valentine Chirol – who was closely linked to the
British Foreign Office – that it was necessary to support the French. The
Entente Cordiale, signed in 1904, clearly assigned Egypt and Morocco to
the spheres of influence of Britain and France respectively. Harris thereafter
toned down his hostility to France, though he continued to press for
international efforts to assist Morocco's modernisation.[7]
He came to admire the efficiency of the administration of French Morocco and
was scathing of the maladministration of Spanish Morocco. His role was not
always helpful to the British government as he periodically undermined the
efforts of British diplomats in Morocco; some regarded him as a useful ally
and go-between, thanks to his extensive contacts, while others reviled him.[8]
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France was duly grateful for Harris's efforts on its behalf and awarded him
the Légion d'honneur and the title of "Commander of the Oiussam
Alaouite of Morocco".[6]
His travel writing also earned him a fellowship from the Royal Geographical
Society. He was far from modest about his achievements; as the editor of a
re-edition of his book Morocco That Was puts it, he "loved to tell
stories, especially about himself", to the point that "it is hard to
distinguish the truth from the legend"; he "loved to make his own part in any
yarn he was telling into a hymn about his own cleverness, cunning, bravery,
popularity, and importance. All his geese had to be swans and his over-vivid
imagination made sure that his listeners were never allowed to forget this."[4]
Harris was journeying east across the Mediterranean when he had a stroke. The
ship he was traveling on put in at Malta and he was taken to the King George V
hospital where he died on 4 April 1933. His body was taken back to Tangier and
he was buried there at the Church of St Andrew.
My published books:
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- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burton_Harris#References